What is the effect of barrel aging on wine?

Barrel aging significantly influences the flavor profile and overall complexity of wine. One of the primary effects is the introduction of new aromas and flavors from the wood itself, which often includes notes of vanilla, spice, cedar, and toast. This occurs as the wine interacts with the wood, allowing compounds to leach into the wine, contributing to its sensory characteristics.

The types of wood, the toasting level of the barrels, and the duration of aging all play crucial roles in determining the extent of these flavor contributions. For example, American oak is known for imparting stronger vanilla and coconut notes, while French oak tends to add more subtle spice and structure.

While it is true that barrel aging can have various other effects on the wine—like modifying its tannin structure or potentially impacting acidity—the primary and most distinctive characteristic associated with this process is the enhancement of flavors. This makes the choice that highlights the addition of flavors such as vanilla and spice the correct answer.